Īlthough ovarian stimulation in infertile women activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), there are no indications thus far that women who undergo infertility treatment are at higher risk for hypertension. At an older age, recurrent and persistent headaches may also be related to hypertension. Migraine attacks are often seen in the second half of the menstrual cycle.
It is related to a higher family risk for CVD, a higher susceptibility for inflammation and the development of premature hypertension. Premenstrual migraine is present in 15% of teens/adolescents and migraine headaches occur 3-4 times more often in women than in men. In women, sex-specific risk factors may be an important indication for the development of premature hypertension. Parental high BP gives a 3x higher risk of hypertension in all adolescents. Female-specific risk factors and premature hypertension Only half of all patients with hypertension are currently treated appropriately and this accounts even more for women than for men. As they also have a smaller diameter of their arterial system and aortic aneurysms tend to rupture at a smaller size, it remains to be elucidated whether the threshold for normal BP should be lower in women than in men. Hypertensive women develop more arterial stiffness, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), atrial fibrillation and dementia at an older age compared to hypertensive men.
Elevated sympathetic nerve activity in older women may be an important contributor to the increased prevalence of hypertension after the menopause. At a younger age, high blood pressure (BP) is more often present in men than in women, but this reverses gradually after the age of 50. Hypertension is acknowledged as the number one risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide.
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